Mechanical instability after acute ankle ligament injury: randomized prospective comparison of two forms of conservative treatment / Instabilidade mecanica pos-lesão ligamentar aguda do tornozelo. Comparacao prospectiva e randomizada de duas formas de tratamento conservador

OBJECTIVE: This trial has the objective to investigate the incidence of mechanical ankle instability after the conservative treatment of first episode, severe ankle ligamentar lesions. This common lesion affects young, professional and physical active patients, causing important personal and economic consequences. There are difficulties related to adequate diagnosis and treatment for these lesions. METHOD: 186 patients with severe ankle ligament lesions were included in this trial. They were randomized in two treatment options. In group A patients were treated using ankle long orthoosis, weight bearing allowed as confortable, pain care, ice, elevation with restricted joint mobilization for three weeks. After that they were maintained in short, functional orthosis (air cast), starting the reabilitation program. In group B patients were immobilized using a functional orthosis (air cast), following the same other sequences that patients in group A. RESULTS: We did not find significant differences in relation to the residual mechanical ankle instability between both groups. We did not find differences in the intensity of pain, but the functional evaluation using AOFAS score system showed better results in the functional treatment group. CONCLUSION: The functional treatment (Group B) had better AOFAS score and few days off their professional activities, comparing with patients treated with rigid orthosis (Group A), without increased chance in developing ankle mechanical instability. .

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação da incidência da instabilidade articular mecânica resultante do tratamento conservador de lesões ligamentares agudas graves do tornozelo em pacientes sem antecedentes de traumas nessa articulação. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos neste estudo 186 pacientes portadores de lesão ligamentar aguda grave do tornozelo. A amostra foi randomizada em dois grupos de tratamento. Os pacientes incluídos no grupo A foram tratados com imobilização suropodálica imediata, carga permitida conforme tolerado, analgesia, gelo, elevação e mobilização leve da articulação do tornozelo por três semanas. Em seguida os pacientes foram imobilizados com ortese curta funcional (tipo air cast esportivo) e encaminhados para programa de reabilitação fisioterápica. No grupo B os pacientes foram imobilizados no primeiro atendimento com ortese curta funcional, carga permitida conforme tolerado, analgesia, gelo, elevação e mobilização leve da articulação por três semanas e em seguida encaminhados para programa de tratamento fisioterápico, como no outro grupo. RESULTADOS: Não encontramos diferença significativa com relação à evolução para instabilidade mecânica entre os grupos. Da mesma forma não houve diferença na incidência de dor, mas a avaliação por meio do método de pontuação da Associação Americana dos Cirurgiões de Pé e Tornozelo (AOFAS) mostrou melhores resultados nos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento funcional. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento funcional, grupo B, teve melhores resultados na escala de pontuação AOFAS, comparativamente ao grupo tratado com ortese rígida (Grupo A), sem haver maior chance de evolução para instabilidade ...

Mechanical instability after acute ankle ligament injury: randomized prospective comparison of two forms of conservative treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This trial has the objective to investigate the incidence of mechanical ankle instability after the conservative treatment of first episode, severe ankle ligamentar lesions. This common lesion affects young, professional and physical active patients, causing important personal and economic consequences. There are difficulties related to adequate diagnosis and treatment for these lesions. METHOD: 186 patients with severe ankle ligament lesions were included in this trial. They were randomized in two treatment options. In group A patients were treated using ankle long orthoosis, weight bearing allowed as confortable, pain care, ice, elevation with restricted joint mobilization for three weeks. After that they were maintained in short, functional orthosis (air cast), starting the reabilitation program. In group B patients were immobilized using a functional orthosis (air cast), following the same other sequences that patients in group A. RESULTS: We did not find significant differences in relation to the residual mechanical ankle instability between both groups. We did not find differences in the intensity of pain, but the functional evaluation using AOFAS score system showed better results in the functional treatment group. CONCLUSION: The functional treatment (Group B) had better AOFAS score and few days off their professional activities, comparing with patients treated with rigid orthosis (Group A), without increased chance in developing ankle mechanical instability.

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação da incidência da instabilidade articular mecânica resultante do tratamento conservador de lesões ligamentares agudas graves do tornozelo em pacientes sem antecedentes de traumas nessa articulação. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos neste estudo 186 pacientes portadores de lesão ligamentar aguda grave do tornozelo. A amostra foi randomizada em dois grupos de tratamento. Os pacientes incluídos no grupo A foram tratados com imobilização suropodálica imediata, carga permitida conforme tolerado, analgesia, gelo, elevação e mobilização leve da articulação do tornozelo por três semanas. Em seguida os pacientes foram imobilizados com ortese curta funcional (tipo air cast esportivo) e encaminhados para programa de reabilitação fisioterápica. No grupo B os pacientes foram imobilizados no primeiro atendimento com ortese curta funcional, carga permitida conforme tolerado, analgesia, gelo, elevação e mobilização leve da articulação por três semanas e em seguida encaminhados para programa de tratamento fisioterápico, como no outro grupo. RESULTADOS: Não encontramos diferença significativa com relação à evolução para instabilidade mecânica entre os grupos. Da mesma forma não houve diferença na incidência de dor, mas a avaliação por meio do método de pontuação da Associação Americana dos Cirurgiões de Pé e Tornozelo (AOFAS) mostrou melhores resultados nos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento funcional. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento funcional, grupo B, teve melhores resultados na escala de pontuação AOFAS, comparativamente ao grupo tratado com ortese rígida (Grupo A), sem haver maior chance de evolução para instabilidade articular mecânica.

Benign bone tumors subperiosteal on the talar neck resected anthroscopically: case reports / Tumores ósseos benignos subperiosteais do colo do tálus ressecados artroscopicamente: relatos de caso

Two cases of benign chondral tumors of the talar neck region (an osteoid osteoma and a chondroblastoma) were described. Because of their specific, unusual site they could be resected by arthroscopy. The imaging aspects, incidence in foot bones and possibilities of treatment were discussed, and a literature review is presented.

Dois casos de tumores condrais benignos na região do colo do tálus (um osteoma osteoide e um condroblastoma) foram descritos. Puderam ser resectados por artroscopia devido à localização específica e pouco comum. Discutiram-se os aspectos sobre exames de imagens, a incidência em ossos do pé e as possibilidades de tratamento, além de apresentar uma revisão da literatura.

Benign bone tumors subperiosteal on the talar neck resected anthroscopically: case reports.

Two cases of benign chondral tumors of the talar neck region (an osteoid osteoma and a chondroblastoma) were described. Because of their specific, unusual site they could be resected by arthroscopy. The imaging aspects, incidence in foot bones and possibilities of treatment were discussed, and a literature review is presented.

CUBOID-NAVICULAR TARSAL COALITION.

The authors present the case of a nine-year-old female patient who presented with pain in her right foot associated with physical activities. After this case was diagnosed as cuboid-navicular tarsal coalition, the patient was treated surgically with resection of the coalition, thereby resolving the symptoms. The literature was reviewed and the importance of adequate physical examination and imaging assessment for investigating foot pain in children and adolescents was discussed.

Coalizão tarsal cuboide-navicular / Cuboid-navicular tarsal coalition

Os autores apresentam caso de paciente do sexo feminino de nove anos de idade que apresentava dores no pé direito associadas à prática de atividades físicas. Após o diagnóstico de coalizão tarsal cuboide-navicular foi tratada cirurgicamente através de ressecção desta, com resolução dos sintomas. Realizam revisão da literatura e discutem a importância da adequada avaliação clínica e imagenológica dos casos das dores no pé nas crianças e adolescentes.

The authors present a case of a 9-year-old female patient who presents with complaints of pain in her right foot associated with physical activities. After the diagnosis of an osseous cuboid navicular coalition she was treated surgically with resection of the coalition, with symptoms resolved. The literature is reviewed and the importance of adequate physical examination and image exams to investigate foot pain in children and teenagers is discussed.

Anatomic study of the filum terminale and its correlations with the tethered cord syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intradural anatomic features of the filum terminale (FT) in fresh human cadavers, analyzing morphological parameters relevant for the diagnosis of the tethered cord syndrome. METHODS: Forty-one fresh cadavers were dissected, and the following parameters were evaluated: cadaver height, weight, and age, FT length, FT diameters at the initial point and midpoint, and topographic relationships of the initial and fusion points of the FT to the adjacent vertebrae. RESULTS: The mean FT length was 156.44 mm (range, 112.8-211.1 mm), the mean initial diameter was 1.38 mm (range, 0.4-2.5 mm), and the mean midpoint diameter was 0.76 mm (range, 0.1-1.55 mm). Four specimens (9.76%) exhibited FT thicknesses of more than 2 mm at their initial points. The FT most frequently started at the middle L1 level (19.51%) and fused with the dura mater at the upper S2 level (31.71%). Two fila (4.88%) started below the L2 level. Statistically significant correlations were observed (Pearson correlation, P < 0.05) between specimen weight and height (P = 0.019), initial point and midpoint diameters of the FT (P < 0.001), initial vertebral level and specimen height (P = 0.012), and initial and fusion vertebral levels (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Variation ranges were large for almost all anatomic parameters of the FT. Six cadavers (14.63%) in our study fulfilled one of the anatomic diagnostic criteria for tethered cord syndrome. Neurosurgeons must remember the normal variations in the anatomic features of this region when establishing the diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome or performing surgical procedures involving the caudal part of the dural sac.